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Composite materials can be classified according to different standards. Common classification methods include classification by matrix material, classification by reinforcement material and classification by structural form.
1. Classification by matrix material
The matrix material is the continuous phase of the composite material, which is usually divided into the following categories:
Polymer matrix composites (PMC): also known as plastic matrix composites, the commonly used matrix materials are resins, such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin, etc. This type of composite material is widely used because of its light weight, corrosion resistance and simple molding process.
Metal matrix composites (MMC): with metal or alloy as the matrix, common matrix materials include aluminum, titanium, magnesium, etc. This type of composite material has high strength and temperature resistance, and is often used in aerospace and automotive industries.
Ceramic matrix composites (CMC): with ceramic as the matrix, it has excellent high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and is often used in applications in extreme environments, such as aircraft engine parts.
Carbon-based composites: Carbon or carbide is used as the matrix. Its main features are high temperature resistance and high strength. It is widely used in high-tech fields, such as aerospace and defense industries.
2. Classification by reinforcement materials
Reinforcement materials are the dispersed phase of composite materials, responsible for providing the reinforcement effect of the material. There are mainly the following categories:
Fiber-reinforced composites: Fibers are used as reinforcement materials, including carbon fibers, glass fibers, and aramid fibers. Fiber-reinforced composites are the most common type of composite materials, with the characteristics of high strength and high modulus.
Particle-reinforced composites: Particles or short fibers are used as reinforcement materials. This type of composite material is effective in improving the strength and wear resistance of the matrix material.
Layered composites: Composite materials formed by stacking different materials in layers. Typical examples are sandwich structure composites and laminates, which have good impact resistance and wear resistance.
Fabric-reinforced composites: Fabrics are used as reinforcement materials, formed by weaving fibers in different directions, and have isotropic or quasi-isotropic properties.
3. Classification by structural form
Composites can also be classified according to their structural form:
Laminated composites: formed by stacking multiple layers of materials by bonding or hot pressing, such as laminates.
Particle composites: granular reinforcement materials are distributed in the matrix, such as cemented carbide in metal-based or ceramic-based composites.
Fiber composites: long fibers or continuous fibers are distributed in the matrix material, often used in structural parts, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics.
